Biodiesel Intelligence


Some of our users have had questions regarding the use of highly saturated fats, hydrogenated oils, and tallows in the BioPro biodiesel processors. To make a long story short, they can be processed in a very similar manner to any other fat or oil. There are of course some things to take note of.

The most obvious difference between tallow and vegetable oil is the gel point of the feedstock. Because tallows are solid at room temperature, they can often be difficult to load into the machine. In the machine at our testing facility we have had to literally use a shovel to scoop solidified animal fats into the test machine for processing. A user may find it easier to use a heater to liquefy the animal fats in their storage vessel so that these may be pumped into the machine.

This gel point difference may also affect the level of contaminants such as water and debris in the feedstock as well. As can be imagined, many contaminants that would have naturally settled to the bottom of a liquid feedstock will stay suspended in a feedstock that has solidified. Therefore extra care must be taken to filter contaminants and remove water that could be in tallow based feedstock. The owner’s manual provides clear instructions on how use the BioPro to effectively clean and dry your feedstock.

Please note that as with oil from vegetable origin, we recommend that tallow processed in a BioPro have a FFA level of less than 5% and a water level of .2% or less.
The main stirring prop in the 190 is meant to stir liquids. If the main stirrer is turned on in the BioPro while it is filled with solidified feedstock, the excessive resistance is likely to blow the fuse to the stir motor. If the BioPro is filled this solidified feedstock we recommend turning on the manual heater switch until all of the feedstock is melted before turning on the manual main stir switch or starting the automatic process.

Note that fuel made from saturated feedstocks will tend to have a high gel point as well. Fuel made from beef tallow will often have a gel point of about 50 or 60 degrees F. This could be problematic if the user is attempting to utilize this fuel during cold weather or to purify it in a drywash column in cold weather. Springboard sells The Springflow 250 fuel preheater if you would like to be able to use this fuel in a greater temperature range.

Finally, the user may find it beneficial to use warm water during the wash cycle of the machine when washing fuel made from tallow. This helps to ensure that the wash cycle runs smoothly, without any complications caused by cold water mixing with high gel point fuel.


What is the glycerin layer (aka "glycerin")?
Glycerin is the byproduct left over after the biodiesel reaction process is complete. In a BioPro™ 190, at the end of the two-step reaction process, there will be 50 gallons of biodiesel in the main tank resting above 10-12 gallons of glycerin. (In the 380, this will be 100 gallons of biodiesel atop 20-24 gallons of glycerin). This glycerin is dark brown and has a thicker viscosity than reacted biodiesel which is usually a honey brown color. Before moving to the wash cycle, your glycerin must be drained out of the tank at the ball valve and captured in a separate container.

The Big Question that everyone asks is: WHAT DO I DO WITH MY GLYCERIN?

ANSWER: There are many options.
Here is the Short List:

1. Put it in our GL-105 Glycerin Demethylator (now available). This will remove the methanol from the glycerin and leave you with a quickly cooling block of glycerin soap. The soap can be further refined or thrown away. The methanol is approximately 90% pure and, with a little further refining, can go back in your BioPro™. Please call if you are interested. (530) 894-1793

2. Make soap.
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_glycerin.html#soap
http://www.permaculture.com/node/535
http://www.utahbiodieselsupply.com/soapmakingbook.php

3. Feed your glycerol to cattle.
http://www.make-biodiesel.org/Dealing-with-Byproducts/feeding-glycerin-t...
http://www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu/uploads/dairynet/papers/2007%20dd%20G...
http://cabiblog.typepad.com/hand_picked/2007/05/glycerol_a_bypr.html
http://jas.fass.org/content/87/2/632.full
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110119182818.htm

4. Take it to a sewage treatment plant where they have an “anaroebic digester”. THough they probably won't pay you for it, they do welcome the stuff.
http://www.biodieseldiscussion.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19404

5. Use it as a composting agent. See Dickinson college study.
http://www.dickinson.edu/about/sustainability/biodiesel/content/Biodiese...

6. Use it as a dust suppressant.
http://www.dickinson.edu/about/sustainability/biodiesel/content/Biodiese...

7. Burn it.
http://www.glycerinburners.com/

NOTE: There are things you should NOT do with your Glycerin. Remember, you should never dump it into a stream or down the drain. Glycerin will kill fish and other aqautic creatures due to its high BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) rate.


1. Global Mandates

2. North America:

On the federal level, Renewable Fuel Standard 2 required the use of 500 million gallons of Biomass-based Diesel in 2009, increasing gradually to 1 billion gallons in 2012. From 2012 through 2022, a minimum of 1 billion gallons must be used domestically, and the Administrator of the EPA is given the authority to increase the minimum volume requirement. To qualify as Biomass-based Diesel, the fuel must reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50 percent compared to petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is the only fuel available in commercial quantities in the U.S. that meets the definition of Biomass-based Diesel.
http://www.biodiesel.org/news/RFS/default.shtm

The United States Armed Forces, which currently fuels 77% of it's machinery with petroleum-based fuel, has announced an aggressive goal: to be petroleum free by 2040. "Biofuels from renewable sources" is an option being explored.
http://www.matternetwork.com/2010/10/us-military-plan-get-off.cfm

San Francisco January 3, 2011. Mayor Gavin Newsom announced that every diesel-powered vehicle owned by The City — 1,500 in all — now run on a 20 percent biodiesel blend (B20). This includes Fire Engines, utility vehicles, buses and ferry boats.
http://drupal.sfexaminer.com/local/transportation/2011/01/san-francisco-...

New York City adopted new legislation requiring all heating oil sold from October 2012 to include at least 2% biodiesel (B2).
http://www.brighterenergy.org/15029/news/bioenergy/new-york-adopts-law-t...

Illinois mandated the use of B2 in all diesel fuels in July of 2006.
http://google.brand.edgar-online.com/EFX_dll/EDGARpro.dll?FetchFilingHtm...

Phoenix March 29, 2011. Mayor Phil Gordon has said his goal is to make Phoenix the greenest city in America. Phoenix uses a 20 percent blend of biodiesel in its municipal equipment.
http://downtownvoices.org/2011/03/29/phoenix-mayor-phil-gordon-has-lofty...

In North Dakota Gov. John Hoeven recently signed SB2217 into law (in 2005), which gives biodiesel blenders a 5-cent-per-gallon (cpg) tax credit when a minimum of B5 is blended. The law also establishes a fund to buy down loans made to biodiesel producers.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

In Montana Gov. Brian Schweitzer advanced Rep. Gail Gutsche's House Bill
(HB) 756 into the Montana law books in 2005. The new law offers a 10 cents per gallon producer tax credit against taxes already paid for increased production. The new law also provides for up to $500,000 or 15 percent of property investments to oilseed crushing plants for biodiesel production.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

Iowa Gov. Tom Vilsack signed Executive Order No. 41 which requires the state to incrementally increase biodiesel amounts to B20 by 2010.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

New Jersey - All of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey’s Newark diesel-powered vehicles have switched to a blend of diesel and agricultural oils for power, joining a nationwide trend in shifting to biodiesel fuel.
http://www.umdnj.edu/about/news_events/releases/07/r031607_Environmental...

On Nov. 30, 2009 Washington State implemented a B2 requirement that mandates fuel retailers to sell a B2 blend within state borders. The requirement will increase to 5 percent once in-state biodiesel production reaches 3 percent of total in-state diesel demand.

To help distribute biodiesel in this emerging market, Exxon Mobil Corp.
built a $3 million blending terminal on its 15-acre fuel storage site in Spokane Valley, Washington. The facility, which opened Dec. 1, 2009, one day after the statewide B2 mandate went into effect, is Exxon Mobil's first in the U.S.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/3144/washington-b2-mandate-in-...

Louisiana passed a law in June of 2006 mandating a B2 blend in all diesel. Though B2 is a small step (diesel engines can handle biodiesel in higher concentrations much easier than gasoline engines can handle ethanol), one of the things holding back a, B20 mandate is in-state production. Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco said at the time that it would take about a year and a half to two years "before producers can make enough product to trigger the mandate in the legislation." To fulfill the B2 mandate, Louisiana producers need to be able to make 15 million gallons a year, and the law becomes effective once 834,000 gallons of biodiesel can be made in the state each month.
http://green.autoblog.com/2006/11/19/louisiana-b2-mandate-update-one-mil...

Oregon is ramping up for a similar mandate that the state legislature passed in July 2007. It requires the use of B2 once in-state biodiesel production reached 5 million gallons a year, which recently occurred. It also allows for an increase to B5 once production reaches 15 million gallons a year.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/3144/washington-b2-mandate-in-...

On November 1, 2009, Canadian Energy Minister Jim Rondeau announced that all diesel fuel sold in Manitoba must contain an average of two per cent biodiesel. Manitoba became the first province in Canada to mandate the use of biodiesel.
He said the measure will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 56,000 tones, the equivalent of taking 11,000 cars off the road each year.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2009/09/10/mb-biodiesel-fuel-man...

On July 1, 2012, New Mexico mandated the use of biodiesel B5 in all state agencies and public schools operating on-road motor vehicles.
http://184.106.204.74/industry-news/biofuel/new-mexico-biodiesel-mandate...

Minnesota has taken another step towards promoting domestic energy security and reducing the state's carbon footprint. On July 10, 2009, Gov.
Tim Pawlenty signed a bill that will increase the current 2 percent biodiesel mandate to 20 percent by 2015.
http://biofuel101.blogspot.com/2009/07/minnesota-passes-statewide-b20-ma...

In Seattle, Safeway opened their first B20 pump in 2007 hoping to capitalize on the upcoming expansion in the alternative fuel market.
http://green.autoblog.com/tag/safeway+b20/

In Maine, the director of energy independence in the governor's office, Beth Nagusky, said legislators in her state proposed Legislative Draft (LD) 197, (2005), a Renewable Fuel Standard bill requiring state buildings to use, at minimum, B20 bioheat (biodiesel blended with heating oil). The bill would also require state diesel vehicles to burn at least B20.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

In May of 2010 Pennsylvania signed into law Act 78 which will require the use of B2 biodiesel fuel in every gallon of on-road diesel fuel sold in Pennsylvania.
http://www.pasbo.org/pasbostore_details.asp?id=228&nameid=PA%20Biodiesel...

The Port of Vancouver, USA is one of the first ports in the United States to replace regular diesel fuel with environmentally-friendly biodiesel for use in almost all of its own vehicles and heavy equipment. Washington legislators passed a law that requires all state agencies to use a minimum of 20 per cent biodiesel for state fleet vehicles by 2009.
http://www.porttechnology.org/technical_papers/port_of_vancouver_usa_fir...

On June 1, 2011 the United Parcel Service (UPS) began using biodiesel blends at its hub in Louisville, Ky. UPS recently installed a biodiesel fuel tank and fueling station at its Worldport facility that will allow fueling operators to blend specified percentages of biodiesel starting with 5 percent biodiesel, B5, and working up to 20 percent biodiesel, B20. The 30,000-gallon biodiesel tank and station at Worldport fuels nearly 200 vehicles and diesel equipment, most of which help load packages on and off the planes.

Worldport is the single most important point in all of UPS's global operation. The facility processes 416,000 packages per hour and is the size of 80 football fields.
http://agoracom.com/ir/ExtremeBiodiesel/forums/discussion/topics/486316-...

The Apple Computer Company's headquarters in Cupertino, CA. currently fuels 20 buses with biodiesel; the buses are used for transporting its 9,500 employees.
http://techcrunch.com/2011/06/07/steve-jobs-cupertino/

Safeway announced in 2008 that it is fueling its entire US truck fleet of over 1000 vehicles with cleaner burning B20.
http://www.crimsonrenewable.com/mythvfact.php

Cleveland is taking significant steps to reduce emissions and create a more sustainable service fleet. In 2011 the city began piloting the use of biodiesel fuel in its diesel truck operations. The city’s biodiesel pilot project will demonstrate the usage and benefits of B20 (20 percent biodiesel/80 percent petrol diesel) in municipal operations.
http://www.google.com/search?q=is+taking+significant+steps+to+reduce+emi...

On January 16, 2009 Virginia, Governor Tim Kaine laid out his “Green”
program which called for a state B2 biodiesel mandate in all diesel fuels.
http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/blog2/2009/01/16/virginias-gov-kaine-calls...

The Denver Public School district -- with the largest school bus fleet in Colorado started using biodiesel fuel in 50 of its 450 school buses in 2008.
http://www.gobluesun.com/main/news/biodieselnewsstory.php?news_id=58

Boston - Biodiesel began fueling the 25 diesel vehicles in Harvard’s fleet during Spring 2004 as the University Operations Services constructed its very own biodiesel filling station.
http://www.green.harvard.edu/node/348

Montreal Transit Corp. buses started running 20% biodiesel in 2002 on 115 city buses.
http://www.saaep.ca/Biodiesel.pdf

New Hampshire bill HB152 (early 2005) originally called for a 1 percent biodiesel renewable fuels standard (RFS) in all home heating oil sold statewide, but the bill had little support. Legislators changed the bill, now calling for the creation of a commission to study biodiesel and its incorporation into heating oil and fuel supplies. Since the removal of the
1 percent mandate, HB152 passed out of both chambers.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

The Houston Astros use B20 biodiesel in grounds crew equipment. This includes a tractor and a professional turf mower used to groom the Astros'
playing surface daily. They also used approximately 75 gallons of B100 over the course of 2009.
http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/users/stories/sports.shtm

The Philadelphia Eagles bought more than 300 gallons of biodiesel blends (B10 and B20) to power diesel equipment. That includes hot pressure washers, tractors, utility carts and mowers. The Eagles continued to replace high polluting fuels in 2009.
http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/users/stories/sports.shtm

Baltimore Gas & Electric Company began using biodiesel blends in 2002. The company currently uses B20 in about 650 pieces of equipment and vehicles including backhoes, forklifts, bucket trucks, and service trucks.
http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/users/stories/baltimore.shtm

Hundreds of U.S. fleets, representing over 25,000 vehicles for commercial, government, utility and transit use, currently run on biodiesel blends nationwide.
http://www.biodiesel.org/markets/pas/

A Redwood City-based retailer of clean, renewable fuels, began selling B20 biodiesel at two of its Sacramento area stations in 2011.
http://www.sacbee.com/2011/06/02/3672372/local-propel-stations-offering....

In Maine Legislative Draft (LD) 197 (June 2005), another northeastern RFS, also had little support this session. LD197 called for a mandatory B20 bioheat blend used to warm state-owned buildings. The measure also required state-owned diesel vehicles to burn B20. The bill died in committee.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

Oklahoma Gov. Brad Henry signed SB 363 (in June of 2005), which included the Biofuels Development Act. It will encourage future processing, promotion, research, market development and distribution of biofuels.
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/407/state-legislatures-pass-bi...

etc.

Read more

Washing biodiesel in cold weather can be tricky!

Just ask the thousands of small scale producers across the U.S.Read more